libstdc++
basic_ios.h
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1 // Iostreams base classes -*- C++ -*-
2 
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26 
27 /** @file bits/basic_ios.h
28  * This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
29  * Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{ios}
30  */
31 
32 #ifndef _BASIC_IOS_H
33 #define _BASIC_IOS_H 1
34 
35 #pragma GCC system_header
36 
37 #include <bits/localefwd.h>
38 #include <bits/locale_classes.h>
39 #include <bits/locale_facets.h>
41 
42 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
43 {
44 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
45 
46  template<typename _Facet>
47  inline const _Facet&
48  __check_facet(const _Facet* __f)
49  {
50  if (!__f)
51  __throw_bad_cast();
52  return *__f;
53  }
54 
55  // 27.4.5 Template class basic_ios
56  /**
57  * @brief Virtual base class for all stream classes.
58  * @ingroup io
59  *
60  * Most of the member functions called dispatched on stream objects
61  * (e.g., @c std::cout.foo(bar);) are consolidated in this class.
62  */
63  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
64  class basic_ios : public ios_base
65  {
66  public:
67  //@{
68  /**
69  * These are standard types. They permit a standardized way of
70  * referring to names of (or names dependant on) the template
71  * parameters, which are specific to the implementation.
72  */
73  typedef _CharT char_type;
74  typedef typename _Traits::int_type int_type;
75  typedef typename _Traits::pos_type pos_type;
76  typedef typename _Traits::off_type off_type;
77  typedef _Traits traits_type;
78  //@}
79 
80  //@{
81  /**
82  * These are non-standard types.
83  */
89  //@}
90 
91  // Data members:
92  protected:
94  mutable char_type _M_fill;
95  mutable bool _M_fill_init;
97 
98  // Cached use_facet<ctype>, which is based on the current locale info.
99  const __ctype_type* _M_ctype;
100  // For ostream.
101  const __num_put_type* _M_num_put;
102  // For istream.
103  const __num_get_type* _M_num_get;
104 
105  public:
106  //@{
107  /**
108  * @brief The quick-and-easy status check.
109  *
110  * This allows you to write constructs such as
111  * <code>if (!a_stream) ...</code> and <code>while (a_stream) ...</code>
112  */
113  operator void*() const
114  { return this->fail() ? 0 : const_cast<basic_ios*>(this); }
115 
116  bool
117  operator!() const
118  { return this->fail(); }
119  //@}
120 
121  /**
122  * @brief Returns the error state of the stream buffer.
123  * @return A bit pattern (well, isn't everything?)
124  *
125  * See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values. Most
126  * users will call one of the interpreting wrappers, e.g., good().
127  */
128  iostate
129  rdstate() const
130  { return _M_streambuf_state; }
131 
132  /**
133  * @brief [Re]sets the error state.
134  * @param state The new state flag(s) to set.
135  *
136  * See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values. Most
137  * users will not need to pass an argument.
138  */
139  void
140  clear(iostate __state = goodbit);
141 
142  /**
143  * @brief Sets additional flags in the error state.
144  * @param state The additional state flag(s) to set.
145  *
146  * See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values.
147  */
148  void
149  setstate(iostate __state)
150  { this->clear(this->rdstate() | __state); }
151 
152  // Flip the internal state on for the proper state bits, then re
153  // throws the propagated exception if bit also set in
154  // exceptions().
155  void
156  _M_setstate(iostate __state)
157  {
158  // 27.6.1.2.1 Common requirements.
159  // Turn this on without causing an ios::failure to be thrown.
160  _M_streambuf_state |= __state;
161  if (this->exceptions() & __state)
162  __throw_exception_again;
163  }
164 
165  /**
166  * @brief Fast error checking.
167  * @return True if no error flags are set.
168  *
169  * A wrapper around rdstate.
170  */
171  bool
172  good() const
173  { return this->rdstate() == 0; }
174 
175  /**
176  * @brief Fast error checking.
177  * @return True if the eofbit is set.
178  *
179  * Note that other iostate flags may also be set.
180  */
181  bool
182  eof() const
183  { return (this->rdstate() & eofbit) != 0; }
184 
185  /**
186  * @brief Fast error checking.
187  * @return True if either the badbit or the failbit is set.
188  *
189  * Checking the badbit in fail() is historical practice.
190  * Note that other iostate flags may also be set.
191  */
192  bool
193  fail() const
194  { return (this->rdstate() & (badbit | failbit)) != 0; }
195 
196  /**
197  * @brief Fast error checking.
198  * @return True if the badbit is set.
199  *
200  * Note that other iostate flags may also be set.
201  */
202  bool
203  bad() const
204  { return (this->rdstate() & badbit) != 0; }
205 
206  /**
207  * @brief Throwing exceptions on errors.
208  * @return The current exceptions mask.
209  *
210  * This changes nothing in the stream. See the one-argument version
211  * of exceptions(iostate) for the meaning of the return value.
212  */
213  iostate
214  exceptions() const
215  { return _M_exception; }
216 
217  /**
218  * @brief Throwing exceptions on errors.
219  * @param except The new exceptions mask.
220  *
221  * By default, error flags are set silently. You can set an
222  * exceptions mask for each stream; if a bit in the mask becomes set
223  * in the error flags, then an exception of type
224  * std::ios_base::failure is thrown.
225  *
226  * If the error flag is already set when the exceptions mask is
227  * added, the exception is immediately thrown. Try running the
228  * following under GCC 3.1 or later:
229  * @code
230  * #include <iostream>
231  * #include <fstream>
232  * #include <exception>
233  *
234  * int main()
235  * {
236  * std::set_terminate (__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler);
237  *
238  * std::ifstream f ("/etc/motd");
239  *
240  * std::cerr << "Setting badbit\n";
241  * f.setstate (std::ios_base::badbit);
242  *
243  * std::cerr << "Setting exception mask\n";
244  * f.exceptions (std::ios_base::badbit);
245  * }
246  * @endcode
247  */
248  void
249  exceptions(iostate __except)
250  {
251  _M_exception = __except;
252  this->clear(_M_streambuf_state);
253  }
254 
255  // Constructor/destructor:
256  /**
257  * @brief Constructor performs initialization.
258  *
259  * The parameter is passed by derived streams.
260  */
261  explicit
263  : ios_base(), _M_tie(0), _M_fill(), _M_fill_init(false), _M_streambuf(0),
264  _M_ctype(0), _M_num_put(0), _M_num_get(0)
265  { this->init(__sb); }
266 
267  /**
268  * @brief Empty.
269  *
270  * The destructor does nothing. More specifically, it does not
271  * destroy the streambuf held by rdbuf().
272  */
273  virtual
275 
276  // Members:
277  /**
278  * @brief Fetches the current @e tied stream.
279  * @return A pointer to the tied stream, or NULL if the stream is
280  * not tied.
281  *
282  * A stream may be @e tied (or synchronized) to a second output
283  * stream. When this stream performs any I/O, the tied stream is
284  * first flushed. For example, @c std::cin is tied to @c std::cout.
285  */
287  tie() const
288  { return _M_tie; }
289 
290  /**
291  * @brief Ties this stream to an output stream.
292  * @param tiestr The output stream.
293  * @return The previously tied output stream, or NULL if the stream
294  * was not tied.
295  *
296  * This sets up a new tie; see tie() for more.
297  */
300  {
301  basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>* __old = _M_tie;
302  _M_tie = __tiestr;
303  return __old;
304  }
305 
306  /**
307  * @brief Accessing the underlying buffer.
308  * @return The current stream buffer.
309  *
310  * This does not change the state of the stream.
311  */
313  rdbuf() const
314  { return _M_streambuf; }
315 
316  /**
317  * @brief Changing the underlying buffer.
318  * @param sb The new stream buffer.
319  * @return The previous stream buffer.
320  *
321  * Associates a new buffer with the current stream, and clears the
322  * error state.
323  *
324  * Due to historical accidents which the LWG refuses to correct, the
325  * I/O library suffers from a design error: this function is hidden
326  * in derived classes by overrides of the zero-argument @c rdbuf(),
327  * which is non-virtual for hysterical raisins. As a result, you
328  * must use explicit qualifications to access this function via any
329  * derived class. For example:
330  *
331  * @code
332  * std::fstream foo; // or some other derived type
333  * std::streambuf* p = .....;
334  *
335  * foo.ios::rdbuf(p); // ios == basic_ios<char>
336  * @endcode
337  */
340 
341  /**
342  * @brief Copies fields of __rhs into this.
343  * @param __rhs The source values for the copies.
344  * @return Reference to this object.
345  *
346  * All fields of __rhs are copied into this object except that rdbuf()
347  * and rdstate() remain unchanged. All values in the pword and iword
348  * arrays are copied. Before copying, each callback is invoked with
349  * erase_event. After copying, each (new) callback is invoked with
350  * copyfmt_event. The final step is to copy exceptions().
351  */
352  basic_ios&
353  copyfmt(const basic_ios& __rhs);
354 
355  /**
356  * @brief Retrieves the @a empty character.
357  * @return The current fill character.
358  *
359  * It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.
360  */
361  char_type
362  fill() const
363  {
364  if (!_M_fill_init)
365  {
366  _M_fill = this->widen(' ');
367  _M_fill_init = true;
368  }
369  return _M_fill;
370  }
371 
372  /**
373  * @brief Sets a new @a empty character.
374  * @param ch The new character.
375  * @return The previous fill character.
376  *
377  * The fill character is used to fill out space when P+ characters
378  * have been requested (e.g., via setw), Q characters are actually
379  * used, and Q<P. It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.
380  */
381  char_type
383  {
384  char_type __old = this->fill();
385  _M_fill = __ch;
386  return __old;
387  }
388 
389  // Locales:
390  /**
391  * @brief Moves to a new locale.
392  * @param loc The new locale.
393  * @return The previous locale.
394  *
395  * Calls @c ios_base::imbue(loc), and if a stream buffer is associated
396  * with this stream, calls that buffer's @c pubimbue(loc).
397  *
398  * Additional l10n notes are at
399  * http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html
400  */
401  locale
402  imbue(const locale& __loc);
403 
404  /**
405  * @brief Squeezes characters.
406  * @param c The character to narrow.
407  * @param dfault The character to narrow.
408  * @return The narrowed character.
409  *
410  * Maps a character of @c char_type to a character of @c char,
411  * if possible.
412  *
413  * Returns the result of
414  * @code
415  * std::use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).narrow(c,dfault)
416  * @endcode
417  *
418  * Additional l10n notes are at
419  * http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html
420  */
421  char
422  narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const
423  { return __check_facet(_M_ctype).narrow(__c, __dfault); }
424 
425  /**
426  * @brief Widens characters.
427  * @param c The character to widen.
428  * @return The widened character.
429  *
430  * Maps a character of @c char to a character of @c char_type.
431  *
432  * Returns the result of
433  * @code
434  * std::use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).widen(c)
435  * @endcode
436  *
437  * Additional l10n notes are at
438  * http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html
439  */
440  char_type
441  widen(char __c) const
442  { return __check_facet(_M_ctype).widen(__c); }
443 
444  protected:
445  // 27.4.5.1 basic_ios constructors
446  /**
447  * @brief Empty.
448  *
449  * The default constructor does nothing and is not normally
450  * accessible to users.
451  */
453  : ios_base(), _M_tie(0), _M_fill(char_type()), _M_fill_init(false),
454  _M_streambuf(0), _M_ctype(0), _M_num_put(0), _M_num_get(0)
455  { }
456 
457  /**
458  * @brief All setup is performed here.
459  *
460  * This is called from the public constructor. It is not virtual and
461  * cannot be redefined.
462  */
463  void
465 
466  void
467  _M_cache_locale(const locale& __loc);
468  };
469 
470 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
471 } // namespace
472 
473 #include <bits/basic_ios.tcc>
474 
475 #endif /* _BASIC_IOS_H */
The base of the I/O class hierarchy.This class defines everything that can be defined about I/O that ...
Definition: ios_base.h:201
bool fail() const
Fast error checking.
Definition: basic_ios.h:193
void exceptions(iostate __except)
Throwing exceptions on errors.
Definition: basic_ios.h:249
static const iostate eofbit
Indicates that an input operation reached the end of an input sequence.
Definition: ios_base.h:339
Controlling output.This is the base class for all output streams. It provides text formatting of all ...
Definition: iosfwd:88
char_type fill() const
Retrieves the empty character.
Definition: basic_ios.h:362
basic_ios()
Empty.
Definition: basic_ios.h:452
basic_ios & copyfmt(const basic_ios &__rhs)
Copies fields of __rhs into this.
Definition: basic_ios.tcc:64
ctype< _CharT > __ctype_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:84
Primary class template num_put.This facet encapsulates the code to convert a number to a string...
bool good() const
Fast error checking.
Definition: basic_ios.h:172
basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * tie(basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > *__tiestr)
Ties this stream to an output stream.
Definition: basic_ios.h:299
Primary class template ctype facet.This template class defines classification and conversion function...
void clear(iostate __state=goodbit)
[Re]sets the error state.
Definition: basic_ios.tcc:42
static const iostate goodbit
Indicates all is well.
Definition: ios_base.h:347
iostate exceptions() const
Throwing exceptions on errors.
Definition: basic_ios.h:214
char_type fill(char_type __ch)
Sets a new empty character.
Definition: basic_ios.h:382
basic_ios(basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
Constructor performs initialization.
Definition: basic_ios.h:262
char narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const
Squeezes characters.
Definition: basic_ios.h:422
basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * rdbuf() const
Accessing the underlying buffer.
Definition: basic_ios.h:313
Container class for localization functionality.The locale class is first a class wrapper for C librar...
_Traits::int_type int_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:74
_Traits traits_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:77
Primary class template num_get.This facet encapsulates the code to parse and return a number from a s...
iostate rdstate() const
Returns the error state of the stream buffer.
Definition: basic_ios.h:129
bool eof() const
Fast error checking.
Definition: basic_ios.h:182
static const iostate badbit
Indicates a loss of integrity in an input or output sequence (such as an irrecoverable read error fro...
Definition: ios_base.h:336
_Ios_Iostate iostate
This is a bitmask type.
Definition: ios_base.h:332
_Traits::pos_type pos_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:75
_CharT char_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:73
The actual work of input and output (interface).This is a base class. Derived stream buffers each con...
Definition: iosfwd:82
num_put< _CharT, ostreambuf_iterator< _CharT, _Traits > > __num_put_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:86
void setstate(iostate __state)
Sets additional flags in the error state.
Definition: basic_ios.h:149
void init(basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
All setup is performed here.
Definition: basic_ios.tcc:127
_Traits::off_type off_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:76
locale imbue(const locale &__loc)
Moves to a new locale.
Definition: basic_ios.tcc:115
Virtual base class for all stream classes.Most of the member functions called dispatched on stream ob...
Definition: iosfwd:79
bool operator!() const
The quick-and-easy status check.
Definition: basic_ios.h:117
The ctype<char> specialization.This class defines classification and conversion functions for the cha...
virtual ~basic_ios()
Empty.
Definition: basic_ios.h:274
static const iostate failbit
Indicates that an input operation failed to read the expected characters, or that an output operation...
Definition: ios_base.h:344
char_type widen(char __c) const
Widens characters.
Definition: basic_ios.h:441
basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * tie() const
Fetches the current tied stream.
Definition: basic_ios.h:287
num_get< _CharT, istreambuf_iterator< _CharT, _Traits > > __num_get_type
Definition: basic_ios.h:88
bool bad() const
Fast error checking.
Definition: basic_ios.h:203